St John the Baptist
Oil on panel, 72.9 x 56.3, by Leonardo da Vinci, 1508–19
Musée du Louvre, Paris

Da Vinci's portrait is an unfinished work shrouded in mystery. X-ray and other scientific examinations revealed numerous changes Leonardo made during the creation process, including the saint's posture, arm position, and hairstyle. These alterations are documented in numerous copies created in Leonardo's studio, allowing researchers to trace the painting's evolution. Scholars debate the authenticity of certain sections, particularly the right arm, due to its awkward appearance. Recent restoration efforts revealed these areas were simply left unfinished. The painting is notable for its use of light and shadow, leading some to believe it serves as a manifesto for Leonardo's artistic philosophy. The Baptist himself is depicted as an androgynous youth with an enigmatic smile, sparking various interpretations. Some see him as a spiritual messenger, while others find his beauty unsettling. The animal skin he wears is unique and has been compared to that of Bacchus. The painting's overall message is likely one of hope, with John the Baptist serving as a light in the darkness, announcing the arrival of Christ.

Provenance
Probably King François I of France, 1518
Roger du Plessis, Duke of Liancourt, 1620s
King Charles I of Great Britain, 1630–49
Cruso and Terence, 1651
Everhard Jabach, until 1622
King Louis XIV of France, 1662
Royal collection, until 1792
Musée du Louvre, 1793

Source: Musée du Louvre, 2023.