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Holy
Roman Empire: Rulers, Statesmen, and Titleholders* |
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| Name
|
Tenure |
|
Holy
Roman Emperors; Kings of the Romans/German Kings
The title
'Holy Roman Emperor (derived from the term 'sacrum imperium',
originating in 1157), appears in historical writing and is
now generally used as the title for all of the emperors, for
convenience.
Title development:
800–973 'Imperator Augustus'
973
–1056
'Emperor of the Romans'
(based on the idea of 'translatio imperii', that the power
of ancient Rome passed to the Germans)
1056
–1508
'King of the Romans' (also 'Roman-German King'), and then
'Roman Emperor', only if Imperial coronation by the Pope took
place.
1508–1806 'Roman Emperor' (specifically, 'Roman Emperor
Elect') with papal coronations no longer carried out. The
emperor's successor-designate was now styled 'King of the
Romans'.
[♔
= Imperial coronation; anti-kings are in italics] |
Holy
Roman Emperors |
Charlemagne
(Charles I) (♔800)
|
800-14†
|
Carolingians |
Louis
I
(jointly 813-14)
(♔813,
816)
|
814-40†
|
Carolingians |
Lothar
I
(jointly 817-40)
(♔817,
823 )
|
840-55†
|
Carolingians |
Louis
II
(jointly 850-55)
(♔850
)
|
855-75†
|
Carolingians |
Charles
II (♔875
)
|
875-77†
|
Carolingians |
►Interregnum
877-81
|
Charles
III (♔881)
|
881-87 dep; †888
|
Carolingians |
Arnulf
of Carinthia (♔896)
|
887-99†
|
Carolingians |
Louis
III (♔901)
|
900-11
|
Carolingians |
Conrad
I
|
911-18†
|
Franconia |
Henry
I
|
919-36†
|
Liudolfings |
Otto
I (♔962)
|
936-73†
|
Liudolfings |
Otto
II
(jointly 961-73)
(♔967)
|
973-83†
|
Liudolfings |
Otto
III
(jointly 983)
(♔996)
|
983-1002†
|
Liudolfings |
Henry
II (♔1014)
|
1002-24†
|
Liudolfings |
Conrad
II (♔1027)
|
1024-39†
|
Salians |
Henry
III
(jointly 1028-39)
(♔1046)
|
1039-56†
|
Salians |
Henry
IV
(jointly 1054-56)
(♔1084)
|
1056-1105 dep; †1106
|
Salians |
Rudolf
of Rheinfelden
|
1077-80†
|
Rheinfelden |
|
Herman
of Salm
|
1081
-1088†
|
Salm |
Conrad
(jointly)
|
1087-98 dep; †1101
|
Salians |
Henry
V
(jointly 1099-1105)
(♔1133)
|
1105-25†
|
Salians |
|
Lothar
II
(♔1111)
|
1125-37†
|
Supplingenburg |
|
Conrad
III (1)
|
1127-35;
†1152
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Conrad
III (2)
|
1138-52†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
Henry
(jointly)
|
1147-50†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Frederick
I (♔1155)
|
1152-90†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Henry
VI
(jointly 1169-90)
(♔1191)
|
1190-97†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Philip
(♔1198)
|
1198-1208†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Otto
IV (♔1209)
|
1198-1215
dep; †1218
|
Welf |
|
Frederick
II (♔1220)
|
1212-50†
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Henry
(jointly)
|
1220-35
dep; †1242
|
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Henry
Raspe
|
1246-47†
|
Thuringia |
|
William
of Holland
|
1247-56†
|
Gerulfings |
|
1250-54† |
Hohenstaufen (140) |
|
Richard
of Cornwall
|
1257-72†
|
Plantagenet |
|
|
1273-91† |
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Adolf
|
1292-98
dep; †1298
|
Nassau |
|
|
1298-1308† |
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Henry
VII (♔1312)
|
1308-13†
|
Arlon-Luxembourg |
|
Louis
IV (♔1328)
|
1314-47†
|
Wittelsbach |
|
Frederick
of Austria
|
1314-30†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Charles
IV (♔1355)
|
1346-78†
|
Arlon-Luxembourg |
|
Gunther
of Schwarzburg
|
1349
abd; †1349
|
Schwarzburg |
|
Wenceslas
(jointly 1376-78)
|
1378-1400
dep; †1419
|
Arlon-Luxembourg |
|
Rupert
|
1400-10†
|
Wittelsbach |
|
Sigismund
(♔1433)
|
1410-37†
|
Arlon-Luxembourg |
|
Jobst
of Moravia
|
1410-11†
|
Arlon-Luxembourg |
|
Albert
II
|
1438-39†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Frederick
III (♔1452)
|
1440-93†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Maximilian
I
(jointly 1486-1508)
(♔1508
- Roman Emperor-elect)
|
1493-1519†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
1519-58
abd; †1558 |
Habsburg
(128) |
|
1558-64† |
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Maximilian
II
|
1564-76†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
1576-1612† |
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Matthias
|
1612-19†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Ferdinand
II
|
1619-37†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Ferdinand
III
|
1637-57†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Leopold
I
|
1658-1705†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
Joseph
I
|
1705-11†
|
Habsburg
(128) |
|
1711-40† |
Habsburg
(128) |
►Interregnum
1740-42
|
|
Charles
VII
|
1742-45†
|
Wittelsbach |
|
Francis
I
|
1745-65†
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
(128) |
|
Joseph
II
|
1765-90†
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
(128) |
|
Leopold
II
|
1790-92†
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
(128) |
|
Francis
II
|
1792-1806
abd; †1835
|
Habsburg-Lorraine
(128) |
►Holy
Roman Empire abolished by Napoleon 1806
|
Kings
of the Romans (title of the Imperial
heir apparent from 1508)
|
|
|
|
| Rudolf
(Rudolf II, HRE) |
1575-76;
†1612 |
Habsburg
(128) |
Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
(Reichsfürst) |
|
|
|
|
|
1311-23† |
Savoy
(254) |
| Philippe-Jules,
11th D of Nevers |
1715,
†1768 |
Mancini-Mazarini
(475) |
Counts
Palatine of the Imperial Court (Hofpfalzgraf) |
|
1412-18† |
Savoy
of Achaia (254.1) |
| Conrad
Jhering |
†1478 |
Jhering
(3762) |
|
1469-1507† |
Bellini
(1494.2) |
| Andrea
Mantegna |
†1506 |
Mantegna
(4161) |
| Pietro
Martire Ponziglione |
1524 |
Ponziglione
(4207) |
| Giovanni
Bartolommeo Ponziglione |
1524 |
Ponziglione
(4207) |
| Antonio
Ponziglione |
1524-c43†
|
Ponziglione
(4207) |
|
1526 |
Simonetta
(5499) |
|
1775-1804† |
Seherr-Thoss (263) |
Imperial
Counts of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsgraf) |
|
1111-48† |
Savoy
(254) |
Imperial
Barons of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsfreiherr) |
|
|
1721- |
Seherr-Thoss (263.1) |
|
†1743 |
Seherr-Thoss (263) |
Imperial
Knights of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsritter) |
|
1353;
†1355 |
Falier
(2018.1) |
|
1433;
†1482 |
Montefeltro
(402) |
|
†1577 |
Mocenigo
(707) |
| Rudolph
von Jhering |
1872;
†1892 |
Jhering
(3762) |
Nobles
of the Holy Roman Empire (Edler) |
|
1498;
†1507 |
Lang
(2593) |
| Sebastian
Jhering |
1670;
†1672 |
Jhering
(3762) |
|
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| *Titles
associated with a specific territory are listed under the relevant
country. |
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Families
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Lands
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Abbr.
and Symbols
|
Holy Roman
Empire Index
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